Bolivia security crisis tests Trump’s Shield of the Americas alliance

Bolivia’s mounting security challenge is emerging as one of the first real-world tests of President Donald Trump’s Shield of the Americas, the country’s defense minister told Fox News Digital, as security forces deploy to strategic locations and the government braces for renewed unrest.

“I believe this is one of the first real tests of whether Shield of the Americas can move from declarations to concrete results,” Bolivian Defense Minister Ernesto Justiniano told Fox News Digital in an exclusive interview.

But Justiniano stressed that Bolivia is not declaring that a coup attempt is underway. “I am not saying today that we have proven evidence of a specific operation currently underway to overthrow the President,” he said. “What we do have are very serious precedents and warning signs that justify preventive action.”

Trump launched Shield of the Americas at a March summit in Florida, bringing together governments across the Western Hemisphere to deepen economic and security cooperation, including efforts to combat transnational crime.

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President Donald Trump, center, Dominican Republic President Luis Abinader, second from left, Argentina’s President Javier Milei, El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, Guyana’s President Mohamed Irfaan Ali, Costa Rica’s President Rodrigo Chaves Robles, Bolivia’s President Rodrigo Paz and Chile’s President-elect Jose Antonio Kast pose for a family photo during the Shield of the Americas” Summit in Doral, Fla., on Saturday, March 7, 2026. (Kevin Lamarque/Reuters)

Justiniano’s comments come as President Rodrigo Paz’s government attempts to prevent a repeat of more than 50 days of road blockades earlier this year that caused shortages of food, fuel and medicine and deepened the country’s economic crisis. On Sept. 17, Bolivia’s Assembly approved a 90-day extension of the country’s state of emergency, citing persistent risks of renewed blockades. Some opposition lawmakers and social groups criticized the measure, arguing that it failed to address the underlying causes of the unrest. Reuters

A U.S. official told Fox News Digital that, “The United States is unwavering in its commitment to support Bolivia’s democracy and the Paz Administration as it rebuilds the country after 20 years of failed socialist policies. The Trump Administration will continue to stand with Bolivia as it works toward stability, security, and a better future for all Bolivians.”

Bolivian Defense Minister Ernesto Justiniano, along with Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief General Victor Hugo Balderrama and Police Commander General Mirko Antonio Sokol, wait to speak to the media, after Bolivian President Rodrigo Paz declared a nationwide state of emergency following weeks of violence and blockades, in Achica Arriba, Bolivia, June 20, 2026. (Claudia Morales/Reuters)

“The threat is serious enough for us to take preventive measures, but I do not want to portray a government that is under siege or weak,” Justiniano said. “There is one fundamental difference: Bolivia learned… We do not confuse legitimate social discontent with a threat to democracy. People may agree or disagree with our economic policies. They can march, protest and challenge the government. That is democracy. What is not democratic is trying to impose a decision through violence, indefinite blockades or threats against the constitutional order.”

The defense minister confirmed that police and military forces have already been deployed preventively around the country.

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“There is a preventive deployment in different parts of the country, particularly along strategic routes, access points to major cities and locations considered sensitive for freedom of movement, supply lines and the protection of critical infrastructure,” Justiniano said.

He declined to provide exact locations, troop numbers or unit movements, saying the scale of the deployment would change according to the level of risk.

The unfolding situation comes just days after Trump hosted leaders participating in Shield of the Americas on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on Sept. 22. The White House has described the initiative as an alliance focused on economic and national security in the Western Hemisphere. The White House

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A police convoy clears one of the main highways after Bolivian President Rodrigo Paz declared a state of emergency following 50 days of blockades, in El Alto, Bolivia, on June 20, 2026. (Jorge Mateo Romay Salinas/Anadolu via Getty Images)

A State Department spokesperson told Fox News Digital that “the United States values its close partnership with Bolivia, a Shield of the Americas participant, to advance economic growth and solve the security challenges posed by corruption and transnational crime.”

“President Paz survived 53 days of blockades and violent attempts to undermine his presidency,” the spokesperson said. “As the country’s elected leader, we support his administration’s ongoing work to repair Bolivia’s economy after more than 20 years of corrupt mismanagement by Evo Morales’s Movement towards Socialism (MAS) party.”

The State Department also said visa restrictions announced Sept. 28 targeted Bolivian nationals whom Washington says are undermining “the security and governance progress President Paz and his administration are achieving,” adding that the actions “reinforce, not undercut, our cooperation.”

The Trump administration revoked visas for 27 officials, former officials and relatives across Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, according to the Associated Press. Among those affected was Bolivian Prosecutor General Roger Mariaca, whom the State Department accused of corruption and facilitating narcotrafficking. Mariaca has rejected the allegations.

Justiniano said Bolivia has formally requested the information underlying the U.S. action.

“The case of Bolivia’s Prosecutor General, Roger Mariaca, is particularly serious because the U.S. government has publicly made specific allegations involving corruption and the facilitation of drug trafficking,” he said.

But the defense minister cautioned against drawing a direct connection between those affected by the visa restrictions and the current unrest. “It would be irresponsible for me to automatically state that everyone affected by those measures is connected to the current mobilizations,” Justiniano said. “We do not have public evidence that would justify that generalization.”

Asked what assistance Washington is providing in response to the current threat, Justiniano declined to say whether the U.S. was supplying operational intelligence or other direct assistance.

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Police officers fired tear gas at community members who seized the Humberto Suarez oil facility during protests calling for President Rodrigo Paz’s resignation in Santa Rosa del Sara, Bolivia, on June 3, 2026. The protests have caused fuel and food shortages. (Ipa Ibanez/Reuters)

“What I can say is that Bolivia wants to deepen this cooperation,” he said.

Justiniano said Bolivia is seeking closer cooperation with the United States on information sharing, financial intelligence, counter-narcotics, organized crime, border security, extraditions, training and institutional strengthening.

That push was already evident last week, when Bolivian Minister of the Presidency Fernando Aramayo told Fox News Digital on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly that the Paz government views its struggle against organized crime as part of a wider regional challenge.

“We recognize the legitimacy of protests and demonstrations that demand responses from the government,” Aramayo said. “What we are attacking right now is all the attacks against our democracy that have been financed by narco-traffic money and organized international crime.”

Bolivia’s new Foreign Minister Fernando Aramayo Carrasco spoke with Fox News Digital about his goals for US relationship. (AIZAR RALDES/AFP via Getty Images)

Aramayo said the government had received support from Washington. “The White House has supported us and other countries in this fight against these dark forces,” he said, adding that Bolivia was “very proud of being part of this mechanism like the Shield of Americas.”

Asked whether state actors were also involved in fueling the unrest, Aramayo said corruption and organized crime had become deeply embedded during the previous two decades, claiming that institutions, social and political leaders and private-sector actors had become entangled with transnational criminal organizations.

Justiniano stressed that the military deployments are not intended to suppress peaceful demonstrations and said police retain primary responsibility for public order.

“We are preparing for a risk, not declaring that a coup is underway,” he said.

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Bolivia’s Defence Minister Ernesto Justiniano addresses the media outside a hospital where several people were treated following explosions that left people dead and injured at the “Bolivar” Mechanized Artillery Regiment, in Viacha, Bolivia, September 4, 2026. (Claudia Morales/Reuters)

The distinction goes to the heart of the challenge confronting Shield of the Americas: how a regional initiative built in part to combat cartels and transnational organized crime operates when a member government says those networks are intersecting with domestic political unrest.